James Callender published exposés on founding fathers like Alexander Hamilton and publicized reports of Thomas Jefferson’s rape of the enslaved Sally Hemings — then he drowned under mysterious circumstances.
former American history was prevalent with political scandals . Alexander Hamilton had an social function with a woman named Maria Reynolds , then endeavor to give her hubby hush money . Thomas Jefferson slept with an enslaved woman named Sally Hemings , who carry him several children . These stories , and more , were all first publicized by one person : James Callender .
A Scotsman who came to America fleeing political persecution , Callender wasted no clock time in pee-pee powerful friends and sniffing out political secrets . In an geological era where political leader fought in the press , Callender was well - befit to attack his friend ’ enemies with orotund claims in paper .
He did n’t always save the truth . Sometimes Callender made wildly laughable claim . But when he attack , Callender place to bolt down . He revealed Hamilton ’s affair with Reynolds while ally with Jefferson , and set about to shred Jefferson ’s reputation to scrap after Jefferson abandoned him .
GraphicaArtis/Getty ImagesJames Callender revealed Alexander Hamilton’s affair, irrevocably damaging Hamilton’s political prospects.
In his sprightliness , James Callender made few friends and many foeman . He fail alone , apparently drunk enough to drown in shallow pee , and was swiftly made into a footnote of American history . But he play a crucial role in the state ’s other days , accommodate a fire to the wry timberland of political contention .
Callender Flees Scotland For The United States
Little is known about James Callender ’s early life . bear around 1758 in Scotland , he refer to himself as an “ orphan bard , ” suggesting he ’d lost his parents at a unseasoned age , perWith the Hammer of Truthby Michael Durey .
Nevertheless , Callender fleetly set out to make a name for himself . In 1782 , he wroteDeformities of Dr. Samuel Johnson , a firearm vital of the famous English writer . Ten age later on , Callender penned the even more scandalousPolitical advancement of Britain , in which he critique British institutions , including the monarchy , and made a case for Scottish nationalism .
AsSlatenotes , Callender was n’t able to get off with calling the English government a “ people of legislative decomposition . ” After an interrogative , Callender was forced to go into hiding in Ireland to avoid arrest .
Stock Montage/Stock Montage/Getty ImagesJohn Adams also faced James Callender’s attacks during the election of 1800.
In the outpouring of 1793 , James Callender decided to flee Great Britain for commodity . He set sheet for the United States , where he was confident that he ’d be able to write what he please without persecution .
“ It was the happy privilege of an American that he may piffle and print in what fashion he pleases , ” Callender declared , according toSlate , “ and without anyone to make him afraid . ”
James Callender’s Attacks On Federalists
James Callender sure enough did seem fearless . Not long after he arrived in the United States in May 1793 , he secured a job as a congressional reporter with thePhiladelphia Gazette . Between 1794 and 1798 , he also started chip in blistering anonymous attacks on Federalist politicians to thePhiladelphia Aurora .
Siding with the Democratic - Republicans , who share his distrust of England , Callender audaciously attacked Federalist like George Washington , Alexander Hamilton , and John Adams in print .
“ If ever a state was demoralise by a valet , the American nation has been vitiate by WASHINGTON , ” Callender wrote in 1796 . “ If ever a nation has suffered from the improper influence of a valet de chambre , the American body politic has been deceived by WASHINGTON . ”
VCG Wilson/Corbis via Getty ImagesAfter becoming president in the election of 1800, Thomas Jefferson tried to wash his hands of James Callender.
GraphicaArtis / Getty ImagesJames Callender reveal Alexander Hamilton ’s affair , irrevocably damage Hamilton ’s political prognosis .
That same year , Callender catch wind of a rumor that Alexander Hamilton , Washington ’s Secretary of the Treasury , had had an affair with a woman constitute Maria Reynolds . He was given evidence of the matter by a source — perhaps an friend of Thomas Jefferson ’s , who had a well - roll in the hay dislike for Hamilton — and published it in theHistory of the United States for 1796 .
“ This great master copy of ethical motive , ” Callender sneer , according toSlate , “ though himself the father of a mob , confess[ed ] that he had an illicit correspondence with another valet de chambre ’s married woman . ”
Library of CongressOne of James Callender’s letters to Thomas Jefferson from February 1801, shortly before Jefferson was sworn in as president.
Callender , who by then was being ante up by Jefferson and his ally , soon turned his spite on the chairperson , John Adams . In 1800 , as Adams faced Jefferson in a tough reelection race , Callender gleefully disparaged the President of the United States in his mass , The panorama before Us .
Stock Montage / Stock Montage / Getty ImagesJohn Adams also faced James Callender ’s attacks during the election of 1800 .
PBSreports that Callender called Adams a “ mentally throw out of kilter ” royalist who scheme to place his own Word , John Quincy , in mogul . Callender also called the president a “ hideous hermaphroditical graphic symbol , which has neither the personnel of a mankind , nor the gentleness and sensitivity of a cleaning woman . ”
Public DomainJames Callender was the first to publicly accuse Jefferson of having children with Hemings.
Callender ’s vituperative attack violate the Alien and Sedition Act — the much - hated law that limit exemption of speech , especially when it was critical toward the president — and got him thrown in jail . But it worked . X lost reelection . Callender ’s frequenter , Jefferson , became president .
“ Hurraw ! ” Callender exclaimed , perSlate . “ How shall I triumph over the miscreants ! How , as Othello says , shall they be damned beyond all depth ! ”
But James Callender was badly false . As president , Jefferson would distance himself from the scandalous journalist — and he would pay a Mary Leontyne Price .
The Print Collector/Print Collector/Getty ImagesA 19th-century depiction of the James River in Richmond, Virginia, where James Callender drowned in shallow water.
How James Callender Tried To Take Down Thomas Jefferson
VCG Wilson / Corbis via Getty ImagesAfter becoming prexy in the election of 1800 , Thomas Jefferson try on to moisten his deal of James Callender .
When Thomas Jefferson became president , he pardoned James Callender and others who ’d serve sentence as a result of the Alien and Sedition Act . But Callender wanted more — he wanted a reward .
As PBS writes , Callender specifically wanted Jefferson to yield back the $ 200 fine that Callender had been forced to furcate over . And he wanted the president to make him the postmaster of Richmond . Jefferson , however , refused . Instead , he sent a third party to Callender with a $ 50 payment .
“ By the causal agency , I have lost five age of confinement ; derive five thousand enemies ; sustain my name put in in five hundred libel , ” Callender fumed in a alphabetic character to Jefferson which received no reply . He also fit with Jefferson ’s friend James Madison , who refused Callender ’s financial request .
Library of CongressOne of James Callender ’s letters to Thomas Jefferson from February 1801 , shortly before Jefferson was sworn in as chairperson .
“ The money was refused with cold condescension , which is quite as agitating as direct insolence , ” Callender wrote superciliously of that merging . “ Little Madison … wield a great deal of fluency to show that it would be improper to repay the money at Washington . ”
So , James Callender decided to go nuclear . AsHistory Collectionwrites , he change side and started writing for a Federalist paper called theRecorder . There , Callender declare that Jefferson had paid him during the 1800 campaign and quoted from Jefferson ’s letter . ( Jefferson hold he ’d give Callender money , but claimed it had been out of charity . )
Enraged , Callender tried to shoot down a death bump . On Sept. 1 , 1802 , he publish an article in theRecorderwhich accused Jefferson of having children with an enslaved woman namedSally Hemings .
Public DomainJames Callender was the first to in public accuse Jefferson of having kid with Hemings .
“ It is well known that the military personnel , whom it delighteth the people to honor , keeps , and for many eld preceding has continue , as his concubine , one of his own slave . Her name is Sally , ” Callender write in the volatile article , claiming that the president had had “ several children by her . ”
Callender end his article by making his motives clear . “ When Mr. Jefferson has say this article , he will find leisure to estimate how much has been lost and hit by so many unprovoked attack upon J. T. Callender . ”
James Callender hoped to destroy Thomas Jefferson ’s political candidate , as he had with Hamilton and Adams . But in the end , few believe Callender ’s accusations . And Jefferson ’s presidentship would outlive Callender himself .
The Drowning Death Of A Political Scandalmonger
Though his explosive articles had captivated the United States , James Callender ’s death come with a whimper . On July 17 , 1803 — less than a yr after his Jefferson exposé — Callender was observed weave around drunk , according toWith the Hammer of Truth .
Soon later , Callender ’s physical structure was found on the bank of Virginia ’s James River . He was found in shallow water and though a doctor attempt to keep open him “ all his efforts proved otiose . ” It was find out that Callender had drowned while drunk , and he was buried the same day .
The Print Collector / Print Collector / Getty ImagesA nineteenth - century delineation of the James River in Richmond , Virginia , where James Callender drown in shallow piss .
With that , James Callender became a oddity of early American account . But in late decades , Callender ’s memory has been reanimate . In 1998 , his accusation against Jefferson were proven to be true when a DNA mental testing determined that the president had , in fact , had children with Hemings .
He may be seen as a footnote — a small man next to the political giants of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson — but James Callender played an of import role in the early day of the United States . Though often motivated by politics and defrayment , he also envisioned a nation where a detached press could hold politicians accountable . Today , that model stands .
“ The more that a country knows about the modal value of conducting its business enterprise , ” James Thomson Callender wrote in 1796 , “ the good chance has that business of being properly conducted . ”
After reading about the living and demise of James Callender , take care through thesenine presidential gender scandals , from Thomas Jefferson to Donald Trump . Or , discover something newfangled about American history with these surprisingfacts about the Founding Fathers .
