The Philadelphia State Hospital at Byberry tormented its patients with almost no consequences from its opening in 1911 until it was finally shut down in 1990.
Public DomainThe “ trigger-happy cellblock ” at Byberry mental infirmary . 1943 .
“ Thousands spend their day – often for weeks at a stretch – lock in machine euphemistically called ‘ restraints ’ : thick leather handcuffs , great canvass camisoles , ‘ muffs , ’ ‘ mitts , ’ wristlets , locks and straps and restraining sheets . Hundreds are confined in ‘ lodges ’ – bare , bottom - less rooms reeking with filth and feces – by day lit only through half - inch holes in blade - plot window , by nighttime merely black tombs in which the shout of the insane echo unheard from the strip plaster of the walls . ”
While the verbal description above sound like something out of a horror picture , it actually comes from a 1946LIFE Magazineexposé of Philadelphia ’s Byberry mental hospital .
Public DomainThe “violent ward” at Byberry mental hospital. 1943.
Even today , inhumane condition and patient abuse are the main legacies of the Byberry mental hospital ( formally known as the Philadelphia State Hospital ) .
What started out as a working farm for a few unsound patients at a fourth dimension in 1903 eventually grew into a multi - building campus . Although it relieved overcrowding from the other mental facilities in the surface area , it grew so tight that it could n’t tempt enough stave to ferment there .
Soon , facility administrators were let multitude work there even if they were n’t peculiarly qualified — if you want a line of work , you had one . Perhaps some that were apply there even outfit the bill for entrance fee .
Wayne D. Sawyer Papers in Civilian Public Service: Personal Papers & Collected Material (DG 056), Swarthmore College Peace Collection./span>A staff member administers a shot to a patient at Byberry mental hospital. 1944.
At the same time , airless to 3,000 conscientious objectors who did n’t fight in World War II for religious reasonableness were sent to work at genial hospital around the country . It was largely via these disarmer ’ accounts and photographs that the scurrilous conditions inside Byberry genial hospital were finally brought to light .
Although some consecrated , caring , and hard - ferment staff at the Byberry genial hospital rightfully worry for the patients , a telephone number of regretful employees carried out abuse that stay distressful to this day .
Neglect At Byberry Mental Hospital
Due to the understaffing , there was an extremely abject ratio of orderly to patients at the Byberry mental infirmary . Because of this , residents were often left unbathed and naked . Housekeeping go down behind , bedding was unwashed , and trading floor were sticky with urine . Instead of be given to the patients , faculty put them in four - distributor point chasteness — sometimes for calendar month at a time .
As recently as the later 1980s , 27 - yr - onetime resident William Kirsch was in such restraints for more than 14 calendar month — and possibly as long as three class . The U.S. District Court for Eastern Pennsylvania found that Byberry was infringing on Kirsch ’s human rights , and demanded his button from the hospital . “ I desire that the state has not injured this poor untested man to the full stop where it is now irreparable,”saidhis attorney , Stephen Gold . “ He was much better when he kick the bucket in there seven or eight years ago . ”
By 1970 , more than a decade before Kirch ’s case even , there were at least 57 deaths attributed only to patient neglect at Byberry genial infirmary — and probably many more that go away unreported .
Werner Wolff/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty ImagesPatients sit in a common area at the Byberry mental hospital. 1951.
On the other hand , Byberry ’s unfastened - threshold insurance for high up - functioning resident physician made it well-situated for certain people to turn tail . householder in the area sometimes found patients sleeping on their lawn . However , some patients who wandered off ended up intrust self-annihilation not far from the hospital .
One patient role escape on a frigid February daylight . But when he reconsider his decision , he could n’t find any staff to let him back indoors . He died of exposure .
Wayne D. Sawyer Papers in Civilian Public Service : Personal Papers & Collected Material ( DG 056 ) , Swarthmore College Peace Collection./span > A staff member administers a shot to a patient at Byberry mental hospital . 1944 .
The Infamous ‘Water Cure’ At Byberry
A1946 newspaper articlefrom thePhiladelphia Recorddescribes Byberry ’s “ pee cure ” :
“ [ An accompaniment ] soaked a large towel in water supply . After wringing it out , he clamp the towel around the affected role ’s neck opening . The attendant pull the ends together , and began to turn . First he tightened the noose . Then he gave the towel a slow turn to let the patient roll in the hay what was in store for him . The patient pray for mercifulness . But the twisting continued . The affected role ’s eyes pouch , his glossa well up , his breathing labored . At distance , his body fell back on the seam . His face was a dreadful ashen , and he did not appear to be breathing . Fifteen minutes elapsed before he showed sign of returning to life history . The patient role was ‘ subdue ’ . ”
This act left no physical marks on the body , and could easy vanish under the radar of tec .
As was the cause with the water system curative , other trouncing and sundry misuse by faculty member at the Byberry mental hospital likely blend in unnoticed . One scrupulous dissident wreak at the hospitalreportedthat attendants were deliberate not to be seen when using “ artillery or fists upon patient , ” attacks which undoubtedly resulted in life - threatening injury and death .
Medication Becomes A Tool Of Torment
Some of the most excruciating ill-treatment at the Byberry genial hospital came during the grade of “ treatment . ” doctor pulled teeth without administering Novocain , for deterrent example , and perform other medical operation without painkiller .
Larry Real , a shrink who train concisely at the Byberry genial infirmary in the 1970s , recalleda Byberry staff member strain to give a patient stitches sans analgesic . “ The doctor had been learn that multitude with dementia praecox did not feel painfulness . ”
In stark contrast to the underuse of painkillers , other medications were overused in way that were just as dangerous . chlorpromazine , for one , was once hailed as the next miracle drug , and administer freely at Byberry .
The pharmaceutical company Smith Kline - Frencheven opened a lab inside Byberry , and did all-embracing ( and virtuously questionable ) examination of the drug there .
Unable to in full understand and consent and in some cases without family members to notify if a fatality occur , patient were pressure into “ volunteering ” for these drug trial . Ultimately , hundreds of patient at the Byberry genial infirmary pass away during these trial .
Werner Wolff / The LIFE Images Collection / Getty ImagesPatients sit in a common region at the Byberry genial hospital . 1951 .
Abuse At Byberry Escalated To Murder
In 1919 , two orderlies at the Byberry mental hospital confessed to strangling a patient until his eyes popped out . The orderlies blame their action on having posttraumatic stress disorder from World War I. Not only were they not pursue , they werekept on stave — at a higher salary grade .
In addition to guinea pig of faculty down patient , cases of patient killing other patients also piled up . On top of the mentally unstable , Byberry alsohoused many criminalssent there to undergo “ psychiatric testing ” in lieu of prison house .
One patient even assay execution with a sharpen spoon in 1944.According to Warren Sawyer , a painstaking objector and staff phallus , the man “ went to another patient and jabbed him in the side of the cervix on top of his shoulder and drive the spoon down about one column inch bass , just missing the jugular nervure . ”
One female affected role was ravish , vote down , and discarded on the property by a fellow patient role in 1987 . The staff finally discovered her eubstance after other residents were found carry around her tooth .
Two more bushed affected role were recovered from the dimension in 1989 , when groundskeepers crystalise the skunk that had pile up around the construction . One of these patient had been missing for closely to five months . It seems as though there were a few residents who simply just “ went missing ” and nobody had time to look for them .
Byberry Is Finally Shut Down
Despite reports from Byberry circulating and sparking repugnance nationally for decades , it stay in operation until almost 1990 .
As early as 1946 , Life magazine issue shocking picture taken by Charles Lord depicting the painful condition within . First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt was reportedly appall by what she saw .
“ As I passed through some of Byberry ’s wards , I was cue of the pictures of the Nazi compactness camps . I entered a building pour with raw human race herded like cattle and treated with less headache , pervaded by a fetid odor so heavy , so nauseating , that the stench seemed to have almost a physical being of its own . ”
In the 1980s , however , then - anonymous accounts bypatient Anna Jenningsmade their way to state official . Jennings had been abused as a child and was diagnosed with schizophrenia — but she still had the wherewithal to document instances of abuse she saw and smuggle them to her mother .
fortunately , Jennings ’ female parent worked in country mental wellness oversight , and soon a committee was investigating Byberry that uncovered abuse and a acculturation of covering up that abuse .
Finally , on June 21 , 1990 , after tenner of contention , the Byberry genial infirmary close its door .
After this look at Byberry genial infirmary , step inside some more of the mostdisturbing mental asylums of decades past . Then , see what life was like inside themental mental institution of Victorian England . Finally , see what liveliness was like for thefamous actress who was involuntarily institutionalized .
